Showing posts with label SUSE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label SUSE. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 8, 2026

Lynx: A great web browser for the Linux terminal

Text-based terminals used to be a thing in Linux. But they are still used today
Photo by Zdeněk Macháček on Unsplash

Not much known to new Linux users is that Linux has had for many decades web browsers that can be used directly in the terminal. In this post, let's learn about Lynx, a great terminal application for Linux.

Lynx stands as one of the oldest web browsers still in use today, providing a unique and efficient way to browse the web directly from the terminal.

Designed for speed and simplicity, Lynx is a text-based browser that allows users to navigate web pages in a manner that is particularly beneficial for users with limited bandwidth or those who prefer a distraction-free interface. 

Key Features

Speed and Performance

Lynx is lightweight and operates swiftly, particularly on older hardware or over slow connections. Since it exclusively handles text, loading much faster than graphical browsers is a significant advantage.

Keyboard Navigation

Designed for keyboard lovers, Lynx utilizes intuitive keyboard shortcuts for navigation, making it a great choice for those who prefer not to use a mouse. You can jump between links, scroll through pages, and execute commands seamlessly with just your keyboard.

Accessibility

Lynx is not just for tech-savvy users; it's an accessible tool for anyone who finds visual interfaces overwhelming. As a text-based browser, it is highly usable for individuals with visual impairments, who might rely on screen readers.

Customization

Users can easily configure Lynx to suit their needs. Settings related to display, colors, and even configurations for specific websites can be adjusted, making it a versatile option.

Security

Lynx presents a smaller attack surface compared to graphical browsers, which can be subject to more vulnerabilities. The lack of JavaScript and other executable content significantly reduces risks.

Installing Lynx on Linux

The installation process for Lynx is straightforward and typically can be done via terminal commands. Here’s how you can install Lynx on various Linux distributions:

Ubuntu/Debian

```bash

sudo apt update

sudo apt install lynx

```

Fedora/RHEL

```bash

sudo dnf install lynx

```

Arch Linux  

```bash

sudo pacman -S lynx

```

OpenSUSE 

sudo zypper install lynx


Basic Usage of Lynx

Lanching

After installation, you can launch Lynx by simply typing `lynx` in the terminal.

Navigation

Navigating Lynx is simple but does require memorization of some key commands:

  • Arrow Keys: Use these to move up and down through links and content.
  • Enter: Opens the selected link.
  • B: Go back to the previous page.
  • G: Go to a specific URL.
  • Q: Quit Lynx.
  • H: Access Help to see all commands

Opening a Website  

To open a website, simply type:

lynx https://www.example.com

Lynx will display the content in a readable format, with links clearly indicated.

Why use browser based terminals?

Pros:

  • Lightweight and fast               
  • Ideal for low-bandwidth usage      
  • Simple keyboard navigation         
  • More secure due to fewer features  

Cons:

  • No graphical support
  • Limited to text-only content
  • Less user-friendly for beginners
  • Modern web features often unsupported

Conclusion

For users seeking a fast, efficient, and distraction-free browsing experience, Lynx is a commendable choice. Its simplicity and speed can be especially appealing in today’s world, where online bloat can slow down even the most robust systems.

Despite not having graphical capabilities of modern browsers, Lynx has its place in the toolkit of anyone looking for an alternative way to experience the web.

Whether you’re a seasoned programmer, a terminal enthusiast, or simply someone looking to reduce your online distractions, Lynx is worth exploring in your Linux environment.

Wednesday, March 25, 2026

What is a Shell in Linux?

Learn what is a shell in Linux, your shortcut to a successful career with Linux and open source software
Photo by Content Pixie on Unsplash

Commonly mentioned in the Linux (and systems administration) world is the word shell. But what is it?

A shell in the context of Linux is a user interface that allows users to interact with the operating system. It provides a way to execute commands, run programs, and manage files from a command-line interface (CLI) instead of a graphical user interface (GUI). 

Types of Shells

There are several types of shells available in Linux, each with its own features. The most common are listed below.

Bash

The Bourne Again SHell, the default shell for many Linux distributions, known for its rich feature set and scripting capabilities.

Zsh

Z Shell, an extended version of Bash with enhanced features such as improved auto-completion and globbing.

Fish

Friendly Interactive SHell, designed for user-friendliness, with syntax highlighting and automatic suggestions.

Tcsh

An enhanced version of the C shell (csh), offering command-line editing and job control. |

Key Functions of a Shell

Let's review why a shell exists in the first place.

Command Execution

You can run commands to perform tasks such as file manipulation, program execution, and system monitoring.

Scripting

Shells allow users to write scripts to automate repetitive tasks, making system administration more efficient.

Environment Management

Users can set and manage environment variables, affecting how processes behave.

Job Control

You can manage running processes, including background tasks and foreground processes.

How to Access the Shell

So how does one access a shell in Linux?

Open the Terminal

You can typically find the terminal in the applications menu or by using a shortcut like `Ctrl + Alt + T`, using the mouse (click on the terminal icon) or in Gnome, press the Super key -> terminal to start it.

Command Line Interface

Once open, you will see a command prompt where you can type commands.

Basic Commands

Here are some basic commands everyone should know while using the shell.

  • ls Lists files and directories.
  • cd [directory]: Changes the current directory.
  • cp [source] [destination]: Copies files or directories.
  • mv [source] [destination]: Moves or renames files or directories.
  • rm [file]: Deletes files.

What to learn next

We recommend learning Bash next. Bash is the default shell in most Linux distros, and also default on enterprise Linux distributions such as Ubuntu or RHEL. 

Conclusion

The shell is an essential component of Linux, giving users powerful functionalities for interaction without needing a graphical interface. Understanding how to use the shell can greatly enhance productivity and system control. Whether you're a beginner or advanced user, getting comfortable with the shell will improve your efficiency in managing a Linux environment.

Monday, November 2, 2020

What is Enterprise Linux?

You probably heard the term "Enterprise Linux" before. But do you understand what it means?
Photo by Danielle Barnes on Unsplash

On a previous post we discussed what's a Linux distribution. Today we'll discuss what they are, what they offer and how they differentiate from the traditional community-based desktop distros you use at home or work for free.

With the news that Red Hat is shutting down the CentOS project, we definitely cannot recommend CentOS for your server anymore. 😌 However, it still has its value if you're developing for RHEL.

What is Enterprise Linux?

Enterprise Linux is the term commonly used to refer to a Linux distribution available through a paid subscription service customized for use in commercial organizations. It's frequently used in servers but enterprise software for the desktop is also available. It's available in different architectures.

The first company to popularize the term by specifically targeting a Linux distributions to large enterprise vendors was Red Hat with the first to offer enterprise Linux software with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) in early 2000's. Quickly following that, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, followed by Oracle Linux with Ubuntu following more recently.

On the community side, traditionally the venerable Debian Linux has been the go-to choice for the server disputing with CentOS the top spot in recent years.

Why use enterprise Linux software?

The reasons to by enterprise Linux software are:

  • Solid, bulletproof software - LTS Linux kernel and LTS open-source software 
  • Long term support - up to 10 years support 
  • Super high SLAs - for example, RHEL claims up to 99.999% uptime
  • Enforced Security - Frequent and quick security updates to mitigate CVEs and security vulnerabilities
  • Extended Support - Dedicated support to help troubleshooting production issues
  • Access to certified software, hardware and cloud
  • Access to multiple partnerships, trainings and certifications
  • Access to custom/proprietary technologies - including predictive IT analytics service that identifies potential issues before they become problems

Most popular enterprise distributions

The last category is the commercial/enterprise Linux distributions. Those are distributions that require a financial commitment from the user or organization that plans to use them. The most popular today are:

With the news that Red Hat is shutting down the CentOS project, I definitely cannot recommend CentOS for your server anymore. 😌 However, it still has its value if you're developing for RHEL.

Architectures supported

Enterprise software needs to be available for most architectures, including supercomputers. For example, RHEL is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z and a desktop version for x86-64. All of Red Hat's official support and training, together with the Red Hat Certification Program, focuses on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform.  

Enterprise-Grade security

Since how critical Linux is for the functioning of the internet today, there are lots of eyes on its security model, especially on Enterprise-grade software. Government agencies like the NSA and others collaborate to build enterprise security tools like SELinux and AppArmor. But Linux's enterprise-grade security goes beyond that. In fact, there are multiple reasons that make if more more secure then other operating systems, including frequent updates, native disk-encryption, encrypted virtual machines, integrity sub-systems that can be used to detect if a file has been altered and encrypted data at rest.

FAQ

How much does it cost?

Since prices are always fluctuating, we'd ask you to consult the vendors linked above for more information.

Is there such a thing as enterprise desktop?

Yes! There are commercially supported Linux software for the desktop as well. The most popular being offered by Red Hat, Canonical and SUSE.

Are enterprise distributions always paid?

The short answer is no. Most vendors offer a development subscription allowing the developers to develop software on the same system they'll run their services. For example, Red Hat offers a Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription, available as part of the Red Hat Developer Program. This license is offered as a self-supported, non-production developer subscription offering a more stable development platform for building enterprise-grade applications and enables a clear pathway to supported, mission-critical deployments across cloud, physical, virtual and container-centric infrastructures.

Free enterprise Linux distributions

Looking for the best of enterprise Linux for as little as possible for your organization? Indeed there are community based enterprise Linux distributions. The common alternatives to paid enterprise software that we recommend are:

Conclusion

On this post we discussed what the term enterprise Linux means and reviewed some frequently asked questions about it. Hope it helps!

With the news that Red Hat is shutting down the CentOS project, we definitely cannot recommend CentOS for your server anymore. 😌 However, it still has its value if you're developing for RHEL.

See Also

Monday, October 26, 2020

What is a Linux Distribution (aka. Distro)?

New Linux users often encounter the expression "Distribution" (or distro). Learn what that means.
Photo by Derek Oyen on Unsplash

When getting started with Linux you'll often hear the term distribution (aka distro). But what does it means and how a Linux distro is made? First off, let's review how Wikipedia defines it:

A Linux distribution is an operating system made from a software collection that is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. Linux users usually obtain their operating system by downloading one of the Linux distributions, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from embedded devices and personal computers to powerful supercomputers.

What's included in a Linux distribution

A Linux distribution (or distro) is composed of thousands of software packages which are usually built by the community or by the company maintaining that distribution, packaged and assembled in a live-CD (or iso) so it can be deployed somewhere (usually VMs or bare-metals).
 
Today, most distros (desktop or server) are composed of:
  • an installer: the tool you'll use to install the distro.
  • a boot loader: the tool that will initialize your system via its kernel.
  • the Linux kernel: the kernel is software that's responsible for interacting with and managing your hardware resources.
  • kernel modules: also known as drivers.  for common hardware: 
  • an init system: also known as PID 1, it's the first (and only) program executed by the kernel when loading your system. Today, systemd is the most widely used init system.
  • a daemon service: a service to manage background processes. systemd can also be used to be managed daemons (services).
  • a package management system: tooling to manage software (add/remove/search/etc). The most common package managers are Apt (Ubuntu/Debian/Mint), Yum/DNF (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL, SUSE) and pacman (Arch/Manjaro) are the most popular
  • general tools: general tools to interact with your system (ex. ls to list files, mkdir to create directories, ps to list the running processes, etc)
  • libraries: libraries (software extensions) that can be used and shared by multiple programs
  • documentation: software in Linux usually comes with its own documentation that can be consulted without access to the internet.
  • development tools (optional): depending on the vendor, development tools can be pre-installed with the system.
  • a graphical user interface (optional): if you're running a desktop install, most likely your system will be running GNOME or KDE. Servers frequently run GUI-less to reduce their attack surface.

Sustainability Model

It obviously requires money, time a lots of resources to built everything and to guarantee that everything will work on the users and companies' machines. So how do the distributions sustain themselves?

There are essentially three sustainability models for distributions today.

Community-based distributions

Community-based distributions are entities that survive off of donations and often require help from volunteers. The most popular ones these days are:

Commercially-sponsored distributions

Commercially-sponsored distributions are those distributions that receive grants from commercial companies to support the development and maintenance of those systems. Note that there's nothing wrong with this category since most of the distributions tend to run completely independently from their commercial institution. The most popular distributions today are:

Commercial/Enterprise distributions

The last category is the commercial/enterprise Linux distributions. Those are distributions that require a financial commitment from the user or organization that plans to use them. The advantage is bulletproof software and usually a dedicated support to help troubleshooting production issues. The most popular today are:

    Conclusion

    On this post we reviewed what's usually called a Linux distribution, also know as a distro. We also reviewed which components are included in a distribution and the most popular options on the market today. Is your favorite distribution on that list? Let us know!

    See Also

    Featured Article

    Lynx: A great web browser for the Linux terminal

    Text-based terminals used to be a thing in Linux. But they are still used today Ph...